Energy and economic operating parameters of tractor equipped with electrically driven wheels

    The modern agro-industrial sector requires a large proportion of tractors of a small-traction class due to the rising fuel costs and environmental requirements. The authors raise questions about the prospects of using electric motors as a means to drive the tractor power unit and energy equipment, as well as consider pre-conditions for the integration of such systems in the tractor design under the current economic state of energy resources in the Russian Federation. For this purpose, the article presents a methodology for evaluating the energy and economic parameters of a tractor with an electrically driven power unit as compared with a tractor with a diesel engine. The offered indicator – specific energy cost – makes it possible to compare the parameters of tractors with a diesel engine and an electrically driven power unit. Calculations have shown that the use of a brushless DC electric motor compared with a diesel engine at medium and low loads will reduce the specific energy cost by 5 to 7 roubles/kWh, or by 30 to 50 %. The study has established that the electric power potential in the Russian Federation exceeds the possible energy costs of agricultural machinery by 300 billion kWh, which makes it possible to switch to electrically driven power units. However, it is impossible to use electric motors in tractors without further development of power complexes and electric charge storage batteries.

1. Fenimore C.P., Jones G.W. Coagulation of soot to smoke in hydrocarbon flames. Combustion and Flame. 1969;13(3):303‑310. doi: 10.1016/0010-2180(69)90008-X

2. Chumakov V.L., Bizhaev A.V. Reduction of nitrogen oxide emissions with exhaust gases of gas‑diesel. In: Readings of Academician V.N. Boltinskiy: collection of conference papers. Moscow, 2019:118‑122. EDN: ZCFNTR (In Rus.)

3. Devyanin S.N., Bigaev A.V., Markov V.A. Influence of Method of Adding Water to Combustible Mixture on Diesel Engine Performance. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2018;327(2):022024. doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/327/2/022024

4. Bizhaev A.V., Chumakov V.L., Andreev O.P., Levshin A.G., Kabdin N.E. Application of the electric drive of the power unit of the small traction tractor. The Challenge of Sustainability in Agricultural Systems. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. 2021;206:971‑980. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-72110-7_107

5. Zeraoulia M., Benbouzid M.E.H., Diallo D. Electric motor drive selection issues for HEV propulsion systems: A comparative study. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. 2006;55(6):1756‑1764. doi: 10.1109/TVT.2006.878719

6. Chau K., Chan C., Liu C. Overview of permanent‑magnet brushless drives for electric and hybrid electric vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 2008;55(6):2246‑2257. doi: 10.1109/TIE.2008.918403

7. Hanselman D.C. Brushless permanent magnet motor design. 2^nd ed. 2003. 392 p.

8. Bizhaev A.V. Parameters of a tractor equipped with an electrically driven power unit. Agricultural Machinery and Technologies. 2020;14(4):33‑42. (In Rus.) doi: 10.22314/2073-7599-2020-14-4-33-42

9. Trukhachev V.I., Didmanidze O.N., Devyanin S.N. What agricultural tractors does Russia need tomorrow? In: Readings of Academician V.N. Boltinskiy: Collection of conference papers. (Moscow, January 22‑24, 2020). Moscow, 2020:11‑19. EDN: YSXSHT (In Rus.)

10. Deryushev V.V., Vinogradova T.A. Analysis of speed characteristics of modern engines. World of Transport and Technological Machines. 2019;1(64):3‑10. EDN: ZAMKZF (In Rus.)

11. Shukharev S.A. Modeling of the opertion of a DC engine. Vestnik Instituta tyagi i Podvizhnogo Sostava. 2018;14:7‑12. EDN: CZLPGJ (In Rus.)

12. Dolgih A., Martemyanov V., Borikov V. Dependence of the torque‑rotor position characteristic from the tape winding current. PRZEGLĄD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY. 2019;95(9):71‑75. doi: 10.15199/48.2019.09.14

13. Bijaev A., Ishutochkina K. Assessment of the starter motor system use powered by capacitive power sourceя on internal combustion engine. MATEC Web of Conferences. 2021;341(490):00054. doi: 10.1051/matecconf/202134100054

14. Burress T.A., Campbell S.L., Coomer C.L., Ayers C.W. et al. Evaluation of the 2010 toyota prius hybrid synergy drive system. Oak Ridge, TN: Oak Ridge National Laboratory. 2011. 79 p.