Improving the technology of grain corn production in the conditions of the Amur region

The yield of corn grain depends on the tillage methods used in the cultivation technology of wide-row crops. To make comprehensive assessment of the use of various combinations of the cultivator’s working tools, the authors carried out a two-year study to improve the technology of growing corn for grain by optimizing the system of mechanized cultivation of wide-row crops. The essence of optimization is to change the combination of working tools in a combined tillage unit and change the width of their arrangement along the row spacing width and the depth of soil cultivation. Integrated deep tillage contributes to the destruction of weeds from a larger area between the rows and provides optimal conditions for the growth and development of corn. In 2021, use was made of a tillage unit with a combination of working tools – two one-side flat cutting shares (edges) with overlapping of the working tool edge and a V-shaped share in the center of the inter-row spacing. This combination resulted in a corn yield of 3.62 t/ha. Compared to other types of tillage, the increase was from 0.61 to 1.10 t/ha. This year, in comparison with 2022, in the early phases of the growth of corn and the development of its reproductive parts from April to May, excessive moisture was observed, while in June and July the moisture level was insufficient. In 2022, the use of two universal V-shaped shares with overlapping the working tool edge, inserting wheel spiders in the center of inter-row spacing ensured a yield of 9.15 t/ha. Compared to other types of tillage, the increase was from 0.33 to 1.99 t/ha. The provision of a high yield level in 2022 was facilitated by excessive moisture in the period from April to June and the accumulation of moisture in the soil. The choice of a combination of working tools should be determined by weather conditions.

1. Eremin D.I, Demin E.A. Influence of inter-row cultivation of corn on agrophysical properties of the leached black soil. Vestnik gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta Severnogo Zauralya. 2016;4(35):47-53. (In Rus.)

2. ToigildinA.L., Podsevalov M.I., Ayupov D.E., TyurinA.V. Productivity of corn hybrids for grain depending on cultivation methods in the conditions of the Volga forest-steppe zone. Vestnik of Ulyanovsk State Agricultural Academy. 2020;4(52):56-64. (In Rus.)

3. Ignatova G.A. Contamination of corn crops under different production technologies. Agroecological aspects of sustainable development of the agro-industrial sector: Proceedings of the 28th International Scientific Conference, Bryansk, May 24-25, 2021. Bryansk: Bryansk State Agrarian University, 2021;2:13-19. (In Rus.)

4. Shcatula Y. Higher reduction in maize Cereals on grain. Sciences of Europe. 2020;60-1(60):3-10. https://doi.org/10.24412/3162-2364-2020-60-1-3-10

5. Khanieva I.M., Shogenov Yu.M., Gesheva M.V., Vindugov T.S. Corn yield depending on ways of application of microfertilizers under conditions of Kabardino-Balkaria. Izvestiya of Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V.M. Kokov. 2019;4(26):16-20. (In Rus.)

6. Kudryavtsev D.V., MagdinA.G., GorbunovA.A., Nesterenko R.A., Zhanzakova D.K. Application of agricultural unmanned aircraft for treating agricultural crops with chemicals. Agrotekhnika i energoobespechenie. 2021;2(31):37-44. (In Rus.)

7. Bumbar I.V., Mazur V.V., KuvshinovA.A. Improvement of technologies and technical equipment of corn cultivation for grain in the south agricultural zone of the Amur region. Dalnevostochniy Agrarniy Vestnik. 2021;2(58):131-136. (In Rus.) https://doi.org/10.24412/1999-6837-2021-2-131-136

8. Mazur V.V. Evaluation of the effectiveness of combining corn cultivator working tools. Agricultural Engineering (Moscow). 2022;24(4):37-41. (In Rus.). https://doi.org/10.26897/2687-1149-2022-4-37-41