INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON POTATO YIELD

Favourable temperature, aeration, and moisture conditions must be maintained in the tuber nest area to obtain a good potato crop. To develop the theoretical prerequisites and principles of designing the environment for growing potatoes, the authors conducted studies on sod-podzolic sandy loam soil at Lorch Potato Research Center in 2019-2020. The work aimed to study the influence of the complex application of environmental factors, such as moisture-saving superabsorbent polymers Aquasin (Agro) and the width of row spacing on the main agrophysical parameters of the soil and the yield of tubers when optimizing environmental formation in potato growing technology. The field experience tab, records, and observations were carried out in accordance with the requirements of the field experiment methodology and the potato research methododology. The experiment scheme included a variation of three parameters: the Meteor (early) and Favorit (medium-ripening) varieties; row spacing of 120 + 30 cm (for beds) and 75 cm (for ridges); application rates of superabsorbent polymers of 0.200 and 400 kg/ha in the first treatment. The experiment was laid according to the scheme by the method of systematic plot arrangement in a fourfold repetition. The experiment plot area was 21 m². It was experimentally found that increasing the row-spacing and introducing SAP improved medium formation components in the tuber nest zone: the soil temperature decreased by 0.3°C; soil humidity increased from 47.4% to 59.2% of limiting field moisture capacity; values of soil hardness decreased by 2.7...11.0 kg/cm². The crop capacity of the early potato Meteor varieties increased from 30.7 t/ha (in the variant with the ridging technology without application of superabsorbing polymers) up to 37.7 t/ha (in the variant with the ridging technology and a SAP application rate of 400 kg/ha); the crop capacity of the middle-season Favorit variety has increased from 32.3 to 39.6 t/ha, respectively. The autors conclude that the SAP application in combination with the ridge technology is a promising method.

potatoes, row spacing, moisture-saving superabsorbent polymers (SAP), agrophysical soil parameters, elements of soil environment design, yield

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