PNEUMATIC DEVICE WITH A UNIVERSAL SEEDER UNIT

Abstract

To obtain a high yield of various row crops, pneumatic seeder units operating at excess air pressure are widely used. The authors have developed a seeder unit with a universal metering system ensuring high precision of seeding with minimal damage and in compliance with seeding rates. The newly developed design of a pneumatic unit includes an original sowing disk, consisting of two rings with conical cells located sideways. One half-part of the sowing disk has a bar with a hole in the center to house the sowing disk shaft. The following parameters of the seeding disk parts have been set: the ring width - 18...20 mm, the upper diameter of the conical cell - 20...22 mm, the disk diameter - 200...220 mm. To remove seeds stuck during the operation and direct them to the furrow, a seed ejector made of a polymer material is installed at the bottom of the seeder unit. The universality of the proposed design is achieved by its ability to perform both single-grain and combined seeding. For this purpose, it is enough to rotate one ring in a circle, which makes it possible to change the method of seeding. The developed design of a pneumatic seeder unit with a combined seeding method will allow sowing seeds of two row crops both in a dotted and in a combined manner, ensuring high metering rates. The developed seeder unit will increase the yield of the grown crop by 10...15% due to the use of a rotating roller ejector made of polymeric material, which, as contrasted to the metal one, minimizes seed damage.