INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON THE DECREASE OF PESTICIDE EFFECT ON POTATO YIELD

Abstract

In the face of growing intensification, the application of chemicals, the use of increasingly powerful pesticides, there is a growing need to shift to biologization agriculture, the development of technologies for growing of ecologically safe products. The authprs have carried out an experimental crop rotation with a reduced pesticide effect with elements of organic farming. Field experiments, records and observations were carried out and kept in accordance with the requirements of the field experience methodology and research methods for potato crops. At the experimental site, for nine years, Jerusalem artichoke was grown in a monoculture, chemical treatments were not carried out and mineral fertilizers were not introduced. Further on, Jerusalem artichoke crops were twice sown in the soil along with green manure crops: Lupin white, white mustard, and oats. After the sowing of green manure crops potato crops were planted. The study was performed on elite material of potato varieties resistant to the main diseases: late blight, early blight, scab, Rhizoctonia - Udacha (early), Vympel (mid-season), Vektar Belorusskiy (medium). It has been noted that the highest gross yield was obtained in all the studied varieties when planting potatoes after white mustard, oats and lupin. The average potato yield was 28.9, 28.3 and 25.5 t/ha, respectively. At the same time, the yield obtained after oats (grown after potatoes) mounted to 23.4 t/ha. The use of green manure crops (white mustard, white lupine, and oats) in the crop rotation after Jerusalem artichoke is estimated to allow obtaining a conditional net income of up to 90 thousand rubles/ha.