. Parameters of moving grain and leguminous crop seeds in a centrifugal distributor of a breeding seeder

The development of breeding seeders is possible through a detailed study of seed movement patterns in a centrifugal distributor, based on the investigation of seed velocity, time, and angular displacement. The optimal parameters of seed movement in the centrifugal distributor should ensure accurate and uninterrupted distribution of seeds through the nozzles into the seed tubes for uniform seeding into the furrow during row sowing. The study aimed to determine the seed movement parameters in the centrifugal distributor of a breeding seeder during the interaction of its blades with the seed flow of grain or leguminous crops. The research methodology included an analysis of physical and mathematical relationships and simulation modeling of the seed release process in the centrifugal distributor of the Wintersteiger Plotseed S-VIM seeder, with a distributor speed of up to 3100 rpm. The developed 3D model of seed movement in the centrifugal distributor made it possible to establish a nonlinear dependence of the coefficient of friction between seeds and the blade material on the process dynamics. As the coefficient of friction increased from 0.2 to 0.38, the seed velocity at the blade exit decreased from 8.59 to 6.3 m/s (by 36%), the travel time along the blade increased from 0.0065 to 0.0086 s (by 32%), and the angular displacement increased from 1.59 to 2.24 rad (by 40%). A further increase in the coefficient of friction to 0.57 led to an additional 8% reduction in velocity and a 54% increase in travel time. The seed release angle increased linearly from 54 to 68 degrees. It was established that high-quality sowing of grain and leguminous crops for the Wintersteiger Plotseed S-VIM seeder is possible provided the coefficient of friction between seeds and the blade material is 0.38, the seed release angle is 62.5 degrees, and the seed velocity at release reaches 6.3 m/s. The developed 3D model of seed movement in the centrifugal distributor will facilitate the future development of an electric-driven seeding unit for a third-stage breeding seeder with a robotic cassette loading device.

1. IzmaylovA.Yu. Intelligent technologies and robotic means in agricultural production. Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2019;89(5):536-538. (In Russ.)

2. Beylis V.M., Tsench Yu.S., Korotchenya V.M., Starovoytov I.S., Kynev N.G. Trends in the development of advanced machine technologies and techniques in agricultural production. Vestnik VIESKH. 2018;4:150-156. (In Russ.).

3. Lobachevskiy Ya.P., Dorokhov A.S. Digital technologies and robotic devices in the agriculture. Agricultural Machinery and Technologies. 2021;15(4):6-10. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.22314/2073-7599-2021-15-4-6-10

4. Chulkov A.S., Shaikhov M.M. Mathematical modeling of the operation of a cone-type seeding unit of a crop breeding seeder. Agricultural Engineering (Moscow). 2025;27(4):40-46. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.26897/2687-1149-2025-4-40-46

5. Chulkov A.S., Chaplygin M.E., Shaykhov M.M. Сarousel type robotic cassette loading device for breeding seeder. Vestnik of Voronezh State Agrarian University. 2024;17(3):99-107. (In Russ.)

6. Chulkov A.S., Chaplygin M.E., Shaykhov M.M. Justifying the operation parameters of a robotic cassette loading device of the carousel type for a selection seeder. Engineering Technologies and Systems. 2024;34(4):549-562. https://doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.034.202404.549-562

7. Cheng X.P., Li H.W., He J. et al. Optimization of operating parameters of seeding device in plot drill with seeding control system. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering. 2021;14(3):83-91. https://doi.org/10.25165/j.ijabe.20211403.6218

8. ShvartsA.A., Besedin B.P., Kolesnikov E.Yu. Design features and performance characteristics of an organic and mineral fertilizer spreader. Vestnik Kurskoy gosudarstvennoy selskokhozyaystvennoy akademii. 2015;7:186-188. (In Russ.)

9. Cool S.R., Pieters J.G., Seatovic D. et al. Development of a stereovision-based technique to measure the spread patterns of granular fertilizer spreaders. Sensors. 2017;17(6):1396. https://doi.org/10.3390/s17061396

10. Ou M., Wang G., Lu Y. et al. Structure optimization and performance simulation of a double-disc fertilizer spreader based on EDEM-CFD. Agronomy. 2025;15(5):1025. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15051025

11. Bivainis V., Jotautienė E., Lekavičienė K. et al. Theoretical and experimental verification of organic granular fertilizer spreading. Agriculture. 2023;13(6):1135. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13051135

12. Guan Z., Mu S., Jiang T. et al. Development of centrifugal disc spreader on tracked combine harvester for rape undersowing rice based on DEM. Agriculture. 2022;12(4):562. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12040562

13. Chernovolov V.A., Khizhnyak V.I., NesmiyanA.Yu. et al. Method of calculating the throwing angle of fertilizers and seeds by a centrifugal apparatus with blades displaced from the radius as a function of random coordinates of the feed point. Don Agrarian Science Bulletin. 2022;15(2):17-28.

14. Maltsev P.S. Development and research of an overpressure seeding apparatus for precise piece-by-piece dosing of soybean seeds. AgroEkoInfo. 2023;3:25. (In Russ.).

15. Marvko I.A., Novikov V.I., Zubrilina E.M. et al. Methods and results of the seed material friction coefficient determining using an automated device. Polythematic online electronic Scientific Journal of Kuban State Agrarian University. 2019;147:10-20. (In Russ.)

16. Chernovolov V.P., Uzhakhov T.M. Modeling the distribution of mineral fertilizers by centrifugal units. Monograph. Zernograd, FGOU VPOACHGAA, 2011. 264 p. (In Russ.)