Design of a pneumatic boom unit for variable-rate fertilizer application in resource-saving geoinformation agrotechnologies of precision farming

Precision farming, leveraging geoinformation technologies, enables sustainable and cost-effective agricultural production. Variable-rate application (VRA) of solid mineral fertilizers (SMF) is key to reducing consumption, while the on-field mixing of single-component fertilizers prevents segregation and ensures optimal nutrient mixes. Boom-type units with pneumatic transport systems further enhance fertilizer distribution uniformity. This research aimed to develop a novel boom-type implement for the simultaneous on-field mixing of single-component fertilizers and their targeted, variable-rate application based on real-time soil nutrient requirements. The study was conducted at the educational and experimental farm of Stavropol State Agrarian University. The methodology involved creating a digital field map, defining mobile complex paths and soil sampling points. A Mitsubichi L-200 complex with a Nietfeld Duoprob 60 sampler collected soil samples at 30 cm depth. Agrochemical analysis results were linked to these paths and processed by software to generate a nutrient content cartogram, which then served as the basis for VRA. The developed boomtype implement design features a pneumatic transport system and a three-compartment hopper, each with a dedicated dosing device for individual mineral fertilizers. After mixing, the customized fertilizer mix is distributed across the field according to the application map. This proposed design effectively eliminates mineral fertilizer segregation, ensures precise N:P:K ratios tailored to specific field zones, and guarantees uniform distribution of the fertilizer mix.

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