APPLICATION OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN POTATO CULTIVATION - PREREQUISITES FOR THE USE OF DRONES

The use of trace elements in the form of a chelated fertilizer can increase the yield and shelf life of potato tubers. When processing plantings with a tractor unit after closing the tops, severe damage to the plants by the tractor wheels is likely to be caused. In this case, it is advisable to use drones. The aim of the study was to make a comparative assessment of the effect of innovative preparations: sulfur-containing and containing trace elements in chelated form: Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Mo, Co, B, and the Aquarin-12 preparation on the yield and shelf life parameters of potato tubers of the Udacha and Kolobok varieties, as well as to perform preliminary calculations of the spray (capture) width when spraying potato plantings with a drone. The studies were conducted in 2018-2019 on sod-podzolic sandy loam soil. The experiment was carried out according to the requirements of the field experiment and potato research methodology. The experiment was laid out according to the scheme, by the method of systematic placement of plots in four-fold repetition with a planting density of 44.4 thousand bushes/ha and the inter-row width of 75 cm. The use of the tested preparations allowed increasing the yield by 3.4...8.7 t/ha (12...37%) and reducing the total storage losses by 1.6...2.3%, especially in a good weather year. According to the calculations performed, it turned out that at the height of the drone flight of 9 m, the value of the spraying width or the sprayer’s operating width was 10.4 m. When conducting field tests on potato plantings in a field of 120x20 meters with a plant height of up to 1.0 m, the drone performed that task in 15 minutes (including refueling). A significant increase in yield and a reduction in total losses during storage confirm the feasibility of using preparations with trace elements in a chelated form when growing potatoes.

1. Жевора С.В., Федотова Л.С., Тимошина Н.А. и др. Эффективность регуляторов роста при возделывании картофеля // Картофель и овощи. 2018. № 12. С. 21-24.

2. Starovoitova O.A, Mute A.N., Manoquina A.A. et al. Influence of growing environment on potato tubers quality. International Conference on World Technological Trends in Agribusiness. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 624(2021) 012011. DOI:10.1088/1755-1315/624/1/012011

3. Gaj R., Murawska B., Fabisiak-Spychaj E. et al. The impact of cover crops and foliar application of micronutrients on accumulation of macronutrients in potato tubers at technological maturity stage // European journal of horticultural science, 2018; 83(6): 345-355. DOI:10.17660/eJHS.2018/83.6.2

4. Старовойтов В.И., Старовойтова О.А., Манохина А.А. Влияние агрохимикатов на урожайность и потемнение мякоти клубней картофеля // Вестник ФГОУ ВПО «МГАУ имени В.П. Горячкина». 2015. № 5 (69). С. 7-14.

5. Wulkow A., Pawelzik E., Heckl B. Effect of calcium and boron in potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum) of various cultivars differing in blackspot susceptibility. Conference of European Association for potato research. Potato for a changing world: 17-th triential Conference of European Association for potato research: abstract of papers and posters. Brasov, 2008. P. 228-229

6. Воронов Н.В., Старовойтов В.И., Старовойтова О.А. и др. Техническое обеспечение возделывания и переработки картофеля в новом технологическом укладе // Доклады ТСХА. 2020. Вып. 292. Ч.1. С. 350-353.

7. Марченко Н.М., Личман Г.И. Многофункциональный диагностический агрегат // Сельский механизатор. 2015. № 9. С. 14-15.

8. Jacquemoud S., Us L. Leaf optical properties: A state of the art. In: Presented at 8th Int. Symp. Physical Measurements & Signatures in Remote Sensing. - Aussois. France. 2000. Рp. 223-232.

9. Макаренков Д.А., Назаров В.И., Шелаков М.Н. и др. Применение хелатных форм микроэлементов в технологии производства гранулированных удобрений NPK // Актуальные вопросы химической технологии и защиты окружающей среды: Сборник материалов VII Всероссийской конференции c международным участием. 2018. С. 139-140.

10. Starovoitova O.A., Starovoitov V.I., Manokhina A.A. The study of physical and mechanical parameters of the soil in the cultivation of tubers. IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series, 2019, 1172: 012083. DOI:10.1088/1742-6596/1172/1/012083

11. Жевора С.В., Федотова Л.С., Тимошина Н.А. и др. Эффективность регуляторов роста при возделывании картофеля // Картофель и овощи. 2018. № 12. С. 21-24.

12. Starovoitova O.A, Mute A.N., Manoquina A.A. et al. Influence of growing environment on potato tubers quality. International Conference on World Technological Trends in Agribusiness. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 624(2021) 012011. DOI:10.1088/1755-1315/6 24/1/012011

13. Gaj R., Murawska B., Fabisiak-Spychaj E. et al. The impact of cover crops and foliar application of micronutrients on accumulation of macronutrients in potato tubers at technological maturity stage // European journal of horticultural science, 2018; 83(6): 345-355. DOI:10.17660/eJHS.2018/83.6.2

14. Старовойтов В.И., Старовойтова О.А., Манохина А.А. Влияние агрохимикатов на урожайность и потемнение мякоти клубней картофеля // Вестник ФГОУ ВПО «МГАУ имени В.П. Горячкина». 2015. № 5 (69). С. 7-14.

15. Wulkow A., Pawelzik E., Heckl B. Effect of calcium and boron in potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum) of various cultivars differing in blackspot susceptibility. Conference of European Association for potato research. Potato for a changing world: 17-th triential Conference of European Association for potato research: abstract of papers and posters. Brasov, 2008. P. 228-229.

16. Воронов Н.В., Старовойтов В.И., Старовойтова О.А. и др. Техническое обеспечение возделывания и переработки картофеля в новом технологическом укладе // Доклады ТСХА. 2020. Вып. 292. Ч. 1. С. 350-353.

17. Марченко Н.М., Личман Г.И. Многофункциональный диагностический агрегат // Сельский механизатор. 2015. № 9. С. 14-15.

18. Jacquemoud S., Us L. Leaf optical properties: A state of the art. In: Presented at 8th Int. Symp. Physical Measurements & Signatures in Remote Sensing. - Aussois. France. 2000. Рp. 223-232.

19. Макаренков Д.А., Назаров В.И., Шелаков М.Н. и др. Применение хелатных форм микроэлементов в технологии производства гранулированных удобрений NPK // Актуальные вопросы химической технологии и защиты окружающей среды: Сборник материалов VII Всероссийской конференции c международным участием. 2018. С. 139-140.

20. Starovoitova O.A., Starovoitov V.I., Manokhina A.A. The study of physical and mechanical parameters of the soil in the cultivation of tubers. IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series, 2019, 1172: 012083. DOI:10.1088/ 1742-6596/1172/1/012083