Effectiveness of Jerusalem artichoke cultivation technology using moisture-retaining superabsorbent polymers

Jerusalem artichoke is a hygrophilous (moisture–loving) crop. If irrigation works are impossible in fields with Jerusalem artichoke plantings, it is feasible to apply an improved technology of Jerusalem artichoke cultivation. The aim of the study was to identify the effect of Jerusalem artichoke cultivation technology using moisture–retaining superabsorbent polymers (SAP) “Aquasin-Agro” in combination with doses of mineral fertilizers on the yield of Jerusalem artichoke tubers of the Omsk White variety. The experiment was conducted at A.G. Lorch Potato Research Center in the period between 2017 and 2019. on sod-slightly podzolic sandy loam soil in accordance with the requirements of B.A. Dospekhov’s field experience methodology and methods of conducting research on Jerusalem artichoke crops. The experiment included four backgrounds of local application of mineral fertilizers during planting (from 0 kg/ha to 562.5 kg/ha) and five doses of SAP during row-to-row mechanized treatment (from 0 to 200 kg/ha). No mineral fertilizers or SAP were applied during the control (0 kg/ha). As a result of the research, the authors have a technology for sandy loam soil. The technology includes the following basic operations: autumn winter plowing; spring disking with a heavy harrow and cutting ridges; planting with simultaneous local application of mineral fertilizers at a dose of 375 kg/ha to 562.5 kg/ha; three row–by–row mechanized plantings; during the first mechanized care, local application of superabsorbent polymers (SAP) Aquasin (Agro) in dry weather to a depth of 4-6 cm at a dose of 150-200 kg/ha; visual inspection of plantings for diseases and pests, followed by their elimination if found; mowing of the green mass five months after planting, and the harvesting of tubers two weeks after mowing of the green mass. The implementation of the proposed technology elements makes it possible to obtain a yield of Jerusalem artichoke tubers of more than 38.7 to 39.9 t/ha with a control of 18.9 t/ha and a conditional net income ranging between 250.6 and 267.8 thousand rubles/ha. It is necessary to carry out further research to study of the effects of a combination of technological effects of SAP and mineral fertilizers, including simultaneous local application.

1. Korotkov V.D., Maslovsky S.A., Vinokurova E.V. Comparative assessment of modern varieties of Jerusalem artichoke as raw materials for the production of inulin. Sovremennye tendentsii razvitiya nauki i mirovogo soobshchestva v epokhu tsifrovizatsii: Proceedings of XX International scientific and practical conference (MKSTR) Moscow, OOO “Izvatelstvo ALEF”, 2023. Рp. 89-93. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/110.34755/IROK.2023.74.84.018

2. Manokhina A.A., Starovoitov V.I., Zhevora S.V., Starovoitova O.A. Influence of molecular drying on physicochemical parameters and antioxidant activity of Jerusalem artichoke tubers. Machinery and Equipment for Rural Area. 2023;5:27-31. (In Russ.)

3. Karimov F.Kh., Vladimirova S.A. Cultivation of Jerusalem artichoke under cryolithozone conditions. Otkryvaya Arktiku dlya sebya i drugikh: Proceedings of the Scientific-practical conference of Arctic State Agrotechological University, Yakutsk, 2023. North-Eastern Federal University in Yakutsk. 2023. Рp. 48-52. (In Russ.)

4. Evstratova L.P., Kondratyuk E.A. Economic and energy efficiency of perennial agrophytocenoses with the Jerusalem artichoke participation in the Karelia conditions. Vestnik of the Russian Agricultural Science. 2023;3:28-31. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31857/2500-2082/2023/3/28-31

5. Batsazova T.M. Influence of Jerusalem artichoke planting methods on yield and product quality in the foothill zone of RNO-Alania. Tendentsii razvitiya nauki i obrazovaniya. 2023;97-8:83-85. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18411/trnio-05-2023-451

6. Buzovsky M.V., Khristich V.V. Techniques for cultivating Jerusalem artichoke in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia. Catalog of graduate qualification works of FSBEI HE Omsk SAU: “Agrobiotechnology” series: Collection of materials based on the results of research activities. Omsk, 2023. Omsk: Omsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. Stolypin. 2023. Рp. 44-46. (In Russ.)

7. Khasanova E.R., Shadrin V.A., Grinets L.V. Forecast, assessment of feasibility and economic assessment of growing Jerusalem beautiful in the territory of the Sverdlovsk region. Molodezh i nauka. 2023;11:76. (In Russ.)

8. Varlamova E.N. Resource-saving technology of Jerusalem artichoke cultivation: Proceedings of IX International scientific and practical conference. Penza, 2024. Penza: Penza State Agrarian University. Рp. 26-29. (In Russ.)

9. Starovoitova O.A., Manokhina A.A., Pekhal’skij M.I. Effect of superabsorbing polymers on potato yield. IOP conference series: Earth and Environmental science. 2019;395:012058 https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/395/1/012058

10. Satriani A., Catalano M., Scalcione E. The role of superabsorbent hydrogel in bean crop cultivation under deficit irrigation conditions: A case-study in Southern Italy. Agricultural Water Management. 2018;195:114-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2017.10.008

11. Suresh R., Prasher S.O., Patel R.M. et al. Super absorbent polymer and irrigation regime effects on growth and water use efficiency of container-grown cherry tomatoes. Transactions of the ASABE. 2018;61(2):523-531. https://doi.org/10.13031/trans.12285

12. Kozlov I.G., Petrova M.A., Bocharnikov I.I., Deniskina N.F. Sustainable potato cultivation in the context of climate change. Plodorodie. 2023;4;33-36. (In Russ.)

13. Starovoitov V.I., Starovoitova O.A., Manokhina A.A. Methodology of doing research on Jerusalem artichoke crops. Vestnik of Moscow Goryachkin State Agroengineering University. 2018;1:7-14. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.26897/1728-7936-2018-1-7-14

14. Gasparyan I.N., Levshin A.G., Ivashova O.N., Deniskina N.F., Gasparyan Sh.V. Features of the choice of potato (solanum tuberosum) varieties when growing two harvests in the temperate zone of Russia. Brazilian Journal of Biology. 2024;84:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.278272