agroengineeringАгроинженерияAgricultural Engineering (Moscow)2687-11492687-1130РГАУ-МСХА10.26897/2687-1149-2024-2-33-41agroengineering-790Research ArticleТЕХНИКА И ТЕХНОЛОГИИ АПКFARM MACHINERY AND TECHNOLOGIESВлияние конфигурации и топографических особенностей поля фермы Целот (Эритрея) на производительность посевного агрегатаEffect of field configuration and topographical features on the performance of the seeding unit of the Tselot farm (Eritrea)https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8010-4448ЛевшинА. Г.LevshinA. G.

Александр Григорьевич Левшин, д-р техн. наук, профессор

127434, г. Москва, ул. Тимирязевская, 49

Aleksandr G. Levshin, DSc (Eng), Professor

49 Timiryazevskaya Str., Moscow, 127434

alevshin@rgau-msha.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0002-4371-1323МедхнТ. А.MedhnT. A.

Тесфит Асрат Медхн, аспирант

127434, г. Москва, ул. Тимирязевская, 49

Tesfit A. Medhn, postgraduate student

49 Timiryazevskaya Str., Moscow, 127434

noahtesas@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7161-3654ГаспарянИ. Н.GasparyanI. N.

Ирина Николаевна Гаспарян, д-р с.-х. наук, доцент, главный научный сотрудник

127434, г. Москва, ул. Тимирязевская, 49

Irina N. Gasparyan, DSc (Ag), Professor

31 Pryanishnikova Str., Moscow, 127434

irina150170@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0002-3336-0523ТеклайС. Г.TeklayS. G.

Симон Гебрехивет Теклай, магистрант

196601, г. Санкт-Петербург, г. Пушкин, Петербургское шоссе, 2

Simon G. Teklay, MSc student

196601, St. Petersburg, Pushkin, Peterburgskoe Ave., 2

gtsimon1994@gmail.comРоссийский государственный аграрный университет – МСХА имени К.А. ТимирязеваРоссияRussian State Agrarian University – Timiryazev Moscow Agricultural AcademyRussian FederationВсероссийский научно-исследовательский институт агрохимии им. Д.Н. ПрянишниковаРоссияAll-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Agrochemistry; D.N. PryanishnikovRussian FederationСанкт-Петербургский государственный аграрный университетРоссияSt. Petersburg State Agrarian UniversityRussian Federation2024170420242623341Copyright © Левшин А.Г., Медхн Т.А., Гаспарян И.Н., Теклай С.Г., 20242024Левшин А.Г., Медхн Т.А., Гаспарян И.Н., Теклай С.Г.Levshin A.G., Medhn T.A., Gasparyan I.N., Teklay S.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://agroengineering.timacad.ru/jour/article/view/790

Оптимальный выбор энергетического средства и подходящего комплекса технологического оборудования затруднен в связи с многообразием производственных условий (размер и конфигурация полей, энергоемкость технологического процесса, засоренность камнями, наличие препятствий и разворотной полосы) и специфичностью природно-климатических факторов. С целью оценки влияния топографических особенностей полей фермы Целот (Эритрея) на производительность посевного агрегата, включающего в себя пневматическую сеялку Nardi Dora (DORA 600) и трактор New Holland T6090, проведено исследование 23 участков площадью около 107 га. Изучалось изменение показателя эффективности посевного агрегата в зависимости от размера и показателей формы участка (площадь, выпуклость, отношение периметра к площади, индекс компактности, индекс квадратного периметра, прямоугольность и шероховатость профиля поверхности поля). Площадь поля определялась с помощью ArcGIS10.7.1, пространственная информация о рельефе – с использованием Locus GIS offline land survey. Полученные данные обрабатывались в приложении Google Earth Pro и ArcGIS. Взаимосвязь индексов изучалась с помощью многомерного регрессионного анализа. Для выяснения влияния индексов размера и формы поля на производительность посевного агрегата проведено двумерное исследование параметров, реагирующих на эти индексы. Эксперимент показал варьирование коэффициента эффективности использования времени смены от 30,1 до 65,7% при низких и переменных показателях использования времени смены. Топографические особенности поля существенно влияют на коэффициент эффективности использования времени в полевых условиях. При проектировании полей рекомендовано учитывать топографические особенности, создавать подходящие полосы поворота для маневрирования, устранять препятствия в пределах рабочей зоны.

It is difficult to choose an optimal energy means and a suitable set of technological equipment due to the diversity of production conditions (size and configuration of fields, energy intensity of technological process, presence of stones, obstacles and a headland) and specific natural and climatic factors. In order to assess the influence of topographical features of the fields of the Celot farm (Eretria) on the performance of a seeding unit, including a pneumatic seeder Nardi Dora (DORA 600) and a tractor New Holland T6090, the authors studied 23 plots of about 107 ha. They analyzed variations of the seeding unit efficiency index depending on the size and shape indices of the plot (area, convexity, perimeter-to-area ratio, compactness index, square perimeter index, rectangularity and roughness of the field surface profile). Field area was determined with ArcGIS10.7.1, Locus GIS offline land survey was used to obtain spatial information. The obtained data were exported to the Google Earth Pro and ArcGIS software for further processing. The relationship between indices was studied using the multivariate regression analysis. A bivariate study of parameters responding to these indices was carried out to find out the effect of field size and shape indices on the seeding unit performance. The conducted experiment showed variation in the shift time efficiency ratio from 30.1 to 65.7% for low and variable shift time indices. Topographical features of the field significantly affect the field time efficiency factor. When designing fields it is recommended to take into account topographical features to provide suitable turn lanes for maneuvering and eliminate obstacles within the working area.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.