agroengineeringАгроинженерияAgricultural Engineering (Moscow)2687-11492687-1130РГАУ-МСХА10.26897/2687-1149-2023-3-23-29agroengineering-597Research ArticleТЕХНИКА И ТЕХНОЛОГИИ АПКFARM MACHINERY AND TECHNOLOGIESАвтоматические системы кормления КРС: опыт эксплуатации и перспективы использованияAutomatic systems for feeding cattle: operating experience and perspective for usehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2305-2909МихайличенкоС. М.MikhailichenkoS. M.

Станислав Михайлович Михайличенко, канд. техн. наук, старший научный сотрудник

109428, г. Москва, 1-й Институтский проезд, 5

Stanislav M. Mikhailichenko, CSc (Eng), Senior Research Engineer

5, 1st Institutskiy Proezd Str., Moscow,109428

S.M.Mikhailichenko@yandex.ruФедеральный научный агроинженерный центр ВИМРоссияFederal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIMRussian Federation2023060720232532329Copyright © Михайличенко С.М., 20232023Михайличенко С.М.Mikhailichenko S.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://agroengineering.timacad.ru/jour/article/view/597

Автоматические системы кормления не распространены в России. С целью поиска оптимального решения для реализации проекта по разработке роботизированного кормораздатчика на базе ФГБНУ ФНАЦ ВИМ проведен обзор научных трудов зарубежных ученых, посвященных изучению производственного опыта эксплуатации автоматических систем кормления и оценке их эффективности. Автоматические системы кормления (АСК) по сравнению с традиционной системой кормления на базе мобильных смесителей-раздатчиков кормов имеют ряд преимуществ. АКС позволяют в 2 раза снизить затраты труда на процесс приготовления и раздачу кормосмесей на фермах КРС; повысить точность кормления за счет разделения животных на большее количество технологических групп, получающих разные рационы кормления в зависимости от продуктивности, стадии лактации и т.д.; обеспечить кратность кормления КРС до 6…8 раз в сутки (что благоприятно влияет на его здоровье и молочную продуктивность). Автоматические системы кормления улучшают условия содержания животных и гигиену. Ширина кормового прохода на фермах с АСК почти в 2 раза меньше, чем на фермах с мобильными смесителями-раздатчиками кормов, что позволяет эффективнее использовать площадь коровника. Основным недостатком АСК является их высокая стоимость: в среднем 1230 €/гол. при средней стоимости реализации системы на базе мобильных смесителей-раздатчиков кормов 400 €/гол. В существующих АСК на долю бункеров-накопителей приходится большая часть инвестиционных затрат. Для снижения стоимости предложена концепция автоматической системы кормления на базе роботизированного кормораздатчика, в которой бункер-накопитель используется для промежуточного хранения уже готовых кормосмесей, а его загрузка осуществляется с помощью мобильного смесителя-раздатчика кормов.

Automatic feeding systems are not common in Russia. To find the optimal solution for the development of an automatic feed wagon on the basis of FSAC VIM, the authors made a review of the scientific works of foreign scientists describing the industrial experience of operating automatic feeding systems and evaluating their effectiveness. Automatic feeding systems (AFS) have a number of advantages as compared with the traditional feeding system based on mobile TMR feeder-mixers. AFS can double reduce labor costs of the preparation and distribution of feed mixtures on cattle farms; increase the accuracy of feeding by dividing animals into a larger number of technological groups receiving different feeding rations depending on productivity, lactation stage, etc.; ensure the frequency of feeding cattle up to six to eight times a day (which favorably affects their health and milk productivity). Automatic feeding systems improve animal welfare and hygiene. The feed alley on farms equipped with AFS is almost two times narrower than on farms using mobile TMR mixers, which makes it possible to use the cowshed area more efficiently. The main disadvantage of AFS is their high cost – on average 1,230 €/head, with an average cost of using a system based on mobile TMR mixers of 400 €/head. In the existing AFS, storage containers account for most of the investment costs. To reduce the cost, the authors put forward the concept of an automatic feeding system based on an automatic feed wagon with a storage container for intermediate storage of ready-made feed mixtures. It can be loaded with a mobile TMR mixer.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.