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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">agroengineering</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Агроинженерия</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Agricultural Engineering (Moscow)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2687-1149</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2687-1130</issn><publisher><publisher-name>РГАУ-МСХА</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26897/2687-1149-2026-1-4-15</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">agroengineering-1187</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕХНИКА И ТЕХНОЛОГИИ АПК</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FARM MACHINERY AND TECHNOLOGIES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Количественная оценка поражения сахарной свеклы церкоспорозом на основе мультиспектральной съемки с БПЛА и сегментации методом U-Net</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Quantitative assessment of sugar beet Cercospora infection based on UAV multispectral imaging and U-Net segmentation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9344-2606</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мударисов</surname><given-names>С. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mudarisov</surname><given-names>S. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мударисов Салават Гумерович, д-р техн. наук, профессор, кафедра мехатронных систем и машин аграрного производства</p><p>450001, Республика Башкортостан, г. Уфа, ул. 50 лет Октября, 34</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Salavat G. Mudarisov, DSc (Eng), Professor, Department of Mechatronic Systems and Machines for Agricultural Production</p><p>St. 50 years of October, 34, Ufa, 450001, Republic of Bashkortostan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">salavam@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3125-3532</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мифтахов</surname><given-names>И. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Miftakhov</surname><given-names>I. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мифтахов Ильнур Ринатович, канд. техн. наук, кафедра мехатронных систем и машин аграрногопроизводства</p><p>450001, Республика Башкортостан, г. Уфа, ул. 50 лет Октября, 34</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilnur R. Miftakhov, CSc (Eng), Department of Mechatronic Systems and Machines for Agricultural Production</p><p>St. 50 years of October, 34, Ufa, 450001, Republic of Bashkortostan</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info323@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6443-8584</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фархутдинов</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Farkhutdinov</surname><given-names>I. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Фархутдинов Ильдар Мавлиярович, д-р техн. наук, доцент, кафедра мехатронных систем и машин аграрного производства </p><p>450001, Республика Башкортостан, г. Уфа, ул. 50 лет Октября, 34</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ildar M. Farkhutdinov, DSc (Eng), Associate Professor, Department of Mechatronic Systems and Machines for Agricultural Production</p><p>St. 50 years of October, 34, Ufa, 450001, Republic of Bashkortostan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ildar1702@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Башкирский государственный аграрный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashkir State Agrarian University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>28</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>15</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мударисов С.Г., Мифтахов И.Р., Фархутдинов И.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мударисов С.Г., Мифтахов И.Р., Фархутдинов И.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mudarisov S.G., Miftakhov I.R., Farkhutdinov I.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://agroengineering.timacad.ru/jour/article/view/1187">https://agroengineering.timacad.ru/jour/article/view/1187</self-uri><abstract><p>Церкоспороз сахарной свеклы (Cercospora beticola Sacc.) является одной из наиболее вредоносных фитопатологий, снижает урожайность до 40% и ухудшает качество корнеплодов. Цель исследований – разработка и верификация метода количественной оценки поражения на основе мультиспектральной аэрофотосъемки и семантической сегментации. Испытания проводились на производственных посевах ООО «Агрофирма ˮСтартˮ» (Буздякский район, Республика Башкортостан) в 2023-2024 гг., на делянках 20 × 6 рядов (≈21,6 м²) с контрольными и инокулированными вариантами. Съемка выполнялась БПЛА Geoscan Gemini с камерой Pollux (Blue, Green, Red, Red-edge, NIR) при высоте ~30 м. Модель U-Net обучена на 420 размеченных фрагментах (512 × 512 px; 6:2:2), дополнительно использованы индексы NDVI, NDRE, MCARI, NSVDI и геометрические признаки нормалей ЦМП. Интегративный алгоритм обеспечил точность мультиклассовой классификации 88,6%. Для класса «Пораженные растения» получена F1-метрика 46,0%, что на 18,6 п.п. выше PLS-DA. Значения F1 составили 92,5% для растений «Здоровые» и 68,7% – для категории «Почва/фон». Методика подтверждает применимость U-Net для диагностической сегментации очагов церкоспороза и повышает объективность мониторинга посевов. Интеграция спектральных и геометрических признаков улучшает выявление слабовыраженных симптомов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) of sugar beet, caused by Cercospora beticola Sacc., is a highly destructive plant disease that can reduce yields by up to 40% and significantly impair root crop quality. This study aimed to develop and validate a quantitative disease assessment method utilizing UAV-based multispectral imaging and semantic segmentation. Field trials were conducted in 2023-2024 on commercial sugar beet crops (Agrofirma Start OOO, Buzdyak District, Republic of Bashkortostan). Plots, measuring 20 × 6 rows (≈21.6 m²), included both control and artificially inoculated treatments. UAV imagery was acquired using a Geoscan ChatGPT equipped with a Pollux multispectral camera (Blue, Green, Red, Red-edge, NIR) at an altitude of approximately 30 m. A U-Net model was trained on 420 annotated image tiles (512 × 512 px), using a 6:2:2 split for training, validation, and testing. The model incorporated spectral indices (NDVI, NDRE, MCARI, NSVDI) in addition to geometric features derived from the normal vectors of a Digital Surface Model (DSM). The developed integrative algorithm achieved an overall multiclass classification accuracy of 88.6%. Specifically, an F1-score of 46.0% was obtained for the ‘infected plants’ class, outperforming Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) by 18.6 percentage points. F1-scores reached 92.5% for ‘Healthy vegetation’ and 68.7% for ‘Soil/Background.’ This methodology confirms the strong applicability of U-Net for the diagnostic segmentation of Cercospora outbreaks, significantly enhancing the objectivity of crop monitoring. The integration of spectral and geometric features proved crucial in improving the detection of weakly expressed disease symptoms.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>церкоспороз</kwd><kwd>сахарная свекла</kwd><kwd>мультиспектральная съемка</kwd><kwd>БПЛА</kwd><kwd>сегментация</kwd><kwd>U-Net</kwd><kwd>точное земледелие</kwd><kwd>фитопатология</kwd><kwd>индекс NDVI</kwd><kwd>машинное обучение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Cercospora</kwd><kwd>sugar beet</kwd><kwd>multispectral imaging</kwd><kwd>UAV</kwd><kwd>segmentation</kwd><kwd>U-Net</kwd><kwd>precision agriculture</kwd><kwd>phytopathology</kwd><kwd>NDVI index</kwd><kwd>machine learning</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Материалы, представленные в статье, получены в рамках реализации программы стратегического академического лидерства «Приоритет-2030», реализуемой ФГБОУ ВО Башкирский ГАУ.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research reported in this article was implemented as part of the strategic academic leadership program “Priority-2030,” carried out by Bashkir State Agrarian University.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Görlich F., Marks E., Mahlein A.-K. et al. 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